Foreign relations
France is a founding member of the United Nations and serves as one of the permanent members of the UN Security Council with veto rights.[128] In 2015, it was described as "the best networked state in the world" due to its membership in more international institutions than any other country;[129] these include the G7, World Trade Organization (WTO),[130] the Pacific Community (SPC)[131] and the Indian Ocean Commission (COI).[132] It is an associate member of the Association of Caribbean States (ACS)[133] and a leading member of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF) of 84 French-speaking countries.[134]
As a significant hub for international relations, France has the third-largest assembly of diplomatic missions, second only to China and the United States. It also hosts the headquarters of several international organisations, including the OECD, UNESCO, Interpol, the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, and the OIF.[137]
French foreign policy after World War II has been largely shaped by membership in the European Union, of which it was a founding member. Since the 1960s, France has developed close ties with reunified Germany to become the most influential driving force of the EU.[138] Since 1904, France has maintained an "Entente cordiale" with the United Kingdom, and there has been a strengthening of links between the countries, especially militarily.
France is a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), but under President de Gaulle excluded itself from the joint military command, in protest of the Special Relationship between the United States and Britain, and to preserve the independence of French foreign and security policies. Under Nicolas Sarkozy, France rejoined the NATO joint military command on 4 April 2009.[139][140][141]
France retains strong political and economic influence in its former African colonies (Françafrique)[142] and has supplied economic aid and troops for peacekeeping missions in Ivory Coast and Chad.[143] From 2012 to 2021, France and other African states intervened in support of the Malian government in the Northern Mali conflict.
In 2017, France was the world's fourth-largest donor of development aid in absolute terms, behind the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom.[144] This represents 0.43% of its GNP, the 12th highest among the OECD.[145] Aid is provided by the governmental French Development Agency, which finances primarily humanitarian projects in sub-Saharan Africa,[146] with an emphasis on "developing infrastructure, access to health care and education, the implementation of appropriate economic policies and the consolidation of the rule of law and democracy".[146]