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Visual arts
American Gothic (1930) by Grant Wood is one of the most famous American paintings and is widely parodied.[535] Folk art in colonial America grew out of artisanal craftsmanship in communities that allowed commonly trained people to individually express themselves. It was distinct from Europe's tradition of high art, which was less accessible and generally less relevant to early American settlers.[536] Cultural movements in art and craftsmanship in colonial America generally lagged behind those of Western Europe. For example, the prevailing medieval style of woodworking and primitive sculpture became integral to early American folk art, despite the emergence of Renaissance styles in England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. The new English styles would have been early enough to make a considerable impact on American folk art, but American styles and forms had already been firmly adopted. Not only did styles change slowly in early America, but there was a tendency for rural artisans there to continue their traditional forms longer than their urban counterparts did—and far longer than those in Western Europe.[488] The Hudson River School was a mid-19th-century movement in the visual arts tradition of European naturalism. The 1913 Armory Show in New York City, an exhibition of European modernist art, shocked the public and transformed the U.S. art scene.[537] Georgia O'Keeffe, Marsden Hartley, and others experimented with new and individualistic styles, which would become known as American modernism. Major artistic movements such as the abstract expressionism of Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning and the pop art of Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein developed largely in the United States. Major photographers include Alfred Stieglitz, Edward Steichen, Dorothea Lange, Edward Weston, James Van Der Zee, Ansel Adams, and Gordon Parks.[538] The tide of modernism and then postmodernism has brought global fame to American architects, including Frank Lloyd Wright, Philip Johnson, and Frank Gehry.[539] The Metropolitan Museum of Art in Manhattan is the largest art museum in the United States[540] and the fourth-largest in the world.[541] Music Main article: Music of the United States American folk music encompasses numerous music genres, variously known as traditional music, traditional folk music, contemporary folk music, or roots music. Many traditional songs have been sung within the same family or folk group for generations, and sometimes trace back to such origins as the British Isles, mainland Europe, or Africa.[542] The rhythmic and lyrical styles of African-American music in particular have influenced American music.[543] Banjos were brought to America through the slave trade. Minstrel shows incorporating the instrument into their acts led to its increased popularity and widespread production in the 19th century.[544][545] The electric guitar, first invented in the 1930s, and mass-produced by the 1940s, had an enormous influence on popular music, in particular due to the development of rock and roll.[546]  The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville, Tennessee Elements from folk idioms such as the blues and old-time music were adopted and transformed into popular genres with global audiences. Jazz grew from blues and ragtime in the early 20th century, developing from the innovations and recordings of composers such as W.C. Handy and Jelly Roll Morton. Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington increased its popularity early in the 20th century.[547] Country music developed in the 1920s,[548] rock and roll in the 1930s,[546] and bluegrass[549] and rhythm and blues in the 1940s.[550] In the 1960s, Bob Dylan emerged from the folk revival to become one of the country's most celebrated songwriters.[551] The musical forms of punk and hip hop both originated in the United States in the 1970s.[552] The United States has the world's largest music market with a total retail value of $15.9 billion in 2022.[553] Most of the world's major record companies are based in the U.S.; they are represented by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).[554] Mid-20th-century American pop stars, such as Frank Sinatra[555] and Elvis Presley,[556] became global celebrities and best-selling music artists,[547] as have artists of the late 20th century, such as Michael Jackson,[557] Madonna,[558] Whitney Houston,[559] and Mariah Carey,[560] and the early 21st century, such as Eminem,[561] Britney Spears,[562] Lady Gaga,[562] Katy Perry,[562] Taylor Swift and Beyoncé.[563]
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