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Shark culling
In 2014, a shark cull in Western Australia killed dozens of sharks (mostly tiger sharks) using drum lines,[145] until it was cancelled after public protests and a decision by the Western Australia EPA; from 2014 to 2017, there was an "imminent threat" policy in Western Australia in which sharks that "threatened" humans in the ocean were shot and killed.[146] This "imminent threat" policy was criticized by senator Rachel Siewart for killing endangered sharks.[147] The "imminent threat" policy was cancelled in March 2017.[148] In August 2018, the Western Australia government announced a plan to re-introduce drum lines (though, this time the drum lines are "SMART" drum lines).[149] From 1962 to the present,[150] the government of Queensland has targeted and killed sharks in large numbers by using drum lines, under a "shark control" program—this program has also inadvertently killed large numbers of other animals such as dolphins; it has also killed endangered hammerhead sharks.[151][152][153][154] Queensland's drum line program has been called "outdated, cruel and ineffective".[154] From 2001 to 2018, a total of 10,480 sharks were killed on lethal drum lines in Queensland, including in the Great Barrier Reef.[155] From 1962 to 2018, roughly 50,000 sharks were killed by Queensland authorities.[156] The government of New South Wales has a program that deliberately kills sharks using nets.[153][157] The current net program in New South Wales has been described as being "extremely destructive" to marine life, including sharks.[158] Between 1950 and 2008, 352 tiger sharks and 577 great white sharks were killed in the nets in New South Wales—also during this period, a total of 15,135 marine animals were killed in the nets, including dolphins, whales, turtles, dugongs, and critically endangered grey nurse sharks.[159] There has been a very large decrease in the number of sharks in eastern Australia, and the shark-killing programs in Queensland and New South Wales are partly responsible for this decrease.[156] Kwazulu-Natal, an area of South Africa, has a shark-killing program using nets and drum lines—these nets and drum lines have killed turtles and dolphins, and have been criticized for killing wildlife.[160] During a 30-year period, more than 33,000 sharks have been killed in KwaZulu-Natal's shark-killing program—during the same 30-year period, 2,211 turtles, 8,448 rays, and 2,310 dolphins were killed in KwaZulu-Natal.[160] Authorities on the French island of Réunion kill about 100 sharks per year.[161]
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