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Fluorescence
A few sharks appear fluorescent under blue light, such as the swell shark and the chain catshark, where the fluorophore derives from a metabolite of kynurenic acid.[53] SensesSmell  The shape of the hammerhead shark's head may enhance olfaction by spacing the nostrils further apart. Sharks have keen olfactory senses, located in the short duct (which is not fused, unlike bony fish) between the anterior and posterior nasal openings, with some species able to detect as little as one part per million of blood in seawater.[54] The size of the olfactory bulb varies across different shark species, with size dependent on how much a given species relies on smell or vision to find their prey.[55] In environments with low visibility, shark species generally have larger olfactory bulbs.[55] In reefs, where visibility is high, species of sharks from the family Carcharhinidae have smaller olfactory bulbs.[55] Sharks found in deeper waters also have larger olfactory bulbs.[56] Sharks have the ability to determine the direction of a given scent based on the timing of scent detection in each nostril.[57] This is similar to the method mammals use to determine direction of sound. They are more attracted to the chemicals found in the intestines of many species, and as a result often linger near or in sewage outfalls. Some species, such as nurse sharks, have external barbels that greatly increase their ability to sense prey.
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